Let's talk about leaks
Period leaks are a common issue that can cause anxiety and discomfort, affecting confidence in daily life. Whether it’s leakage during a heavy flow or accidental staining, managing period leaks is a priority for most menstruators.
Period leakage happens when menstrual blood unexpectedly leaks through a person’s period protection. This often happens without warning and results in visible blood stains on clothes, chair surfaces and bedding, resulting in embarrassment, shame, and fear.
For the majority of menstruators, leakage is their biggest concern. A survey conducted in August 2024 for Woolworths New Zealand showed that 91% of menstruators worried about their products leaking.
Most of us have experienced it at least once in their lives and, for some, the shame and fear is an ongoing source of anxiety. It can impact confidence and result in reduced performance and participation in physical activities and organised sports, work and school.
The impact is real. International researchers have found that:
76% of women fear blood leaking onto their clothes while in public.
78% of girls in the UK avoid sports during their periods, with 62% citing leakage concerns.
67% of women adjust their lifestyles out of fear of leakage or the lack of nearby toilets.
The good news is that with a little understanding and preparation, we can help reduce the stress around leakage – and even help prevent it happening!
7 causes of period leaks (and how to prevent them)
Heavier flow days: During the first few days of the period, flow is typically heavier. This means products need to be changed more frequently.
Overnight: During the night you’re not checking and changing period products as often as during the day, which can mean the blood can overflow the products. On top of this products can move as the sleeper changes position, meaning blood leaks out the side. Pads or period underwear with higher absorbency, or menstrual cups, are better suited for overnight protection. Those with regular heavy bleeding may want to invest in a blanket designed to absorb moisture – pet blankets designed to prevent stains on furniture are ideal and affordable.
Inactive to active transitions: Leakage can occur when a person has been sitting or lying down for a long time and then stands up. Blood may pool internally and then suddenly be released, overwhelming the period product.
Physical activity: High-impact activities like running, jumping, or strenuous exercise can increase the likelihood of leakage because movement can shift period products like pads or tampons.
Incorrect product use: Leakage happens if menstrual products aren’t used correctly, such as when a pad is placed incorrectly or a tampon is not fully inserted. Where possible, use products that meet your flow needs – high absorbency (super/maxi) on heavy flow days.
Inconsistent changing of products: Pads and tampons should be changed every four to six hours – dependent on flow and the absorbency level of the product. Monitor how wet and uncomfortable you feel as a guide, smell is also a good guide to how often to change.
Heavy or irregular periods: People with conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, or menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding) are more likely to experience heavier periods, which increases the chance of leakage.
"My mother handed me a pad when I got my period, but didn’t tell me how to use it. For the first year I used the adhesive the wrong way. Not only was this really painful sticking it against my skin, it also meant that I bled through everything constantly.”
How to remove period stains from clothes and bedding
Period blood is a mixture of blood, uterine lining tissue, mucus, and other proteins. Removing it from fabric requires cold water because it prevents the proteins from coagulating, allowing them to rinse out more easily. Additionally, the iron content in blood can react with fabric, contributing to stubborn stains.
As soon as possible run the fabric under cold water or leave to soak in a bucket/bowl of cold water.
Jeans: use a damp cloth soaked in cold water to dab and blot the stain from the inside. Rinse and repeat until no more blood comes off on the cloth. Then let the jeans soak in cold water (you can add salt or baking soda to the water) for at least 30 mins before washing on a cold-water setting.
Sheets: rinse the blood out in cold water and leave to soak in a bucket of cold water and white vinegar before washing in cold water. If possible, let them air dry, preferably in the sun.
Mattresses: Gently blot the stain with a damp cloth soaked in cold water. Avoid rubbing or scrubbing as this will push the blood further in. You can make up a solution of dish soap or laundry detergent with cold water and gently dab at the stain. Allow the mattress to dry completely before remaking the bed. For more detailed information, this article has you covered.
How to support someone with period leaks
If you notice that someone is dealing with leakage, here’s how you can offer support without adding to their anxiety:
Offer reassurance. Let them know it’s okay, and it happens to many people.
Discreetly ask if they need help. A quiet offer is always appreciated.
Keep it low-key. If you notice leakage in public, inform them quietly to avoid unnecessary attention.
Lend a hand (or a jumper). If you have a sweater or jacket, offer it to help cover up.
Tips for managing leaks in different environments
At school
Pack a change of underwear Keep an extra pair in a plastic/waterproof bag in your school bag, just in case.
Wear bike shorts under your uniform. They provide an extra layer of protection, especially under skirts.
Carry a jumper. A hoodie or jumper tied around your waist can offer quick coverage if needed.
Talk to your teacher. If you feel comfortable, explain that you may need regular bathroom breaks.
Sports and physical activities
Wear bike shorts or black shorts for an added sense of security.
Speak to your coach. If you’re comfortable, ask if you can take extra bathroom breaks or wear dark-colored bottoms.
At work
Opt for dark-colored pants or skirts on period days.
Bring a spare outfit in case of an emergency.
Pack a hoodie or sweater. Tying it around your waist is a quick fix if needed.
Have a chat with your employer/manager to explain why you may need more frequent bathroom breaks.
“In my 40s, it was my first day at a new job and I suddenly got my period while I was eating lunch in the staffroom. I only realised when I stood up and looked down at the white chair I was sitting on. I was MORTIFIED.”
At home
Change products regularly. Set a phone reminder every 3 hours to check for bleeding.
Use dedicated period underwear and pants. Choose dark-colored ones you won’t mind getting stained.
Lay a towel on your bed to protect your bedding, or invest in period-friendly bed sheets and pyjamas.
Products to help manage leakage
Overnight or super pads offer higher absorbency and are great for daytime use on heavy flow days.
Pads with wings provide extra security, ensuring the pad stays in place.
Period underwear absorbs blood and gives peace of mind with built-in protection. Make sure to buy the right products for your
Layering products like using a tampon with a pad or wearing period underwear with a pad adds an extra safety net.
Menstrual cups can be worn for up to 8 hours, reducing the need for frequent bathroom trips.
FAQs
Q: How can I prevent period leaks at night?
A: To prevent period leaks at night, use high-absorbency products like overnight pads, period underwear, or menstrual cups. Make sure the product is properly positioned and consider layering options for extra protection. You can also use a waterproof blanket or towel on your bed to catch any accidental leaks.
Q: What should I do if I experience a period leak in public?
A: If you experience a period leak in public, don't panic! Tie a sweater or jacket around your waist to cover any stains and discreetly excuse yourself to the restroom. If possible, carry an extra pad or period underwear in your bag for emergencies. If someone else notices, most people are understanding and supportive.
Q: What is the best product to prevent period leaks?
A: The best product depends on your flow and lifestyle. For heavy flows, consider using a menstrual cup or period underwear combined with pads or tampons. For lighter days, thinner pads or pantyliners may suffice. Overnight pads or period underwear are great for sleeping, as they offer maximum absorbency.
Q: How often should I change my period products to avoid leakage?
A: It’s generally recommended to change pads or tampons every 4-6 hours, depending on your flow. Menstrual cups can be worn for up to 8 hours. If you're experiencing heavy flow, you may need to change products more frequently to avoid leaks.
Q: How can I remove period stains from fabric?
A: To remove period stains from fabric, act quickly by soaking the item in cold water. For tougher stains, use a mixture of baking soda or salt with cold water and gently dab the stain. Avoid hot water as it can set the stain. For detailed stain removal methods, check the section above.
Q: What are the signs that I’m using the wrong period product?
A: If you're experiencing frequent leaks, discomfort, or irritation, you might be using the wrong period product or absorbency level. Consider switching to a higher absorbency pad, tampon, or cup, or explore alternatives like period underwear. You can read more on choosing the right product here.